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信仰科学以博学仪世,以劳思补民 01 December “穿”字与“戴”字的区别(白话版) 前两天写了《“穿”字与“戴”字的区别》。由于偷懒及一贯zhuangbiliy情绪的影响,我单单撂了两句文言,没有细述。不想,潘同学居然没看懂……
潘同学要是都看不懂的话,估计没什么人能看懂了,这是作者的大失误,在此深刻检讨……
那我就重新解释一下。
“穿”字,说文解,通也,牙在穴中。就是“牙入洞”,这样一个动作。我们平素里用的“穿透”、“穿过”、“穿刺”,就是这个本义的最基本引申。而“穿行”、“横穿马路”等词,是因“穿”字有“通过”的意思,并在此基础上作出的引申。那么“穿”字在衣物上的引申,我总结至少满足两个条件:第一,目的物必须要有洞;第二,躯干的一部分必须要通过这个洞。衣裤鞋袜都符合这一定义。
“戴”字,说文的解释我看不懂。《毛传》解释的大致意思是:用某种方式使某物体的表面出现很多东西,并引申为让某一物体出现在另一物体表面。帽子围巾,手表项链都用属于这个范畴,所以用戴。
嗯,这样解释大家清楚了吧。
什么?你说你从来都是把项链穿头上的?
啊?你说地球人都知道有一个富有情趣的东西叫项圈?
表紧,咱继续研究。
刚才说了,“牙在穴中”。这个“穴”,说文解,土室也。因此这里有一个“室”的概念,也就是空间。衣裤鞋袜不单有洞,洞后头还有空间。手铐啊,脚镣啊,项圈啊,皮鞭啊,(呃……跟皮鞭没关系)单单有洞,没有空间,因此不用穿。
当然,以上解释依然无法做到绝对。语法在新产生的时候,肯定是一个动词按某种规则搭配一组名词。而名词所指代的事务,因时代或其他原因发生变迁后,与其搭配的动词往往因循惯例而被保留了下来。由此也就无法实现精确定义了。
玦元年良月十五 27 November “穿”字与“戴”字的区别 看蜗居,女主角教外国人汉语,却不知如何解释“穿”字与“戴”字的区别。她翻过字典后,也不明所以。
当然咯,字典上都说不清的,寡才如我者也鲜有清楚的。现代汉语,尤其是现代汉语教学,使得每个中国人都不太清楚汉字之本义。我所清楚的是,女主角查的字典不对。
翻《说文》。
穿:通也。会意字。牙在穴中。
戴:分物得增益曰戴。(不懂……估计现代汉语里已经没有这个概念了,不过后面的好懂。)釋訓曰:蓁蓁、孽孽、戴也。毛傳云:蓁蓁、至盛皃;孽孽、盛飾;是皆謂加多也。引伸之凡加於上皆曰戴。
这回明白了“穿”字和“戴”字的区别了吧。
鸣谢:汉典
玦元年良月十一日 09 August I have a dreamI am happy to show you today what will go down in history as the greatest thesis for ethnic issues in the history of our planet.
Almost five decades ago, a great earthman who is an ethnic minority, delivered a speech which has the same title as this thesis. This momentous speech came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. And it encouraged all the ethnic minorities over the world, like a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
But half a century later, ethnic conflict is still all over the world. Half a century later, the Middle East is still a powder keg. Half a century later, the dispute over Kashmir is still ongoing. Half a century later, some area of Africa is still in the burning flames of war.
The reality is so cruel, but I am still hopeful. Because, in accordance with the following formula, 600 years later, all the earthmen will maybe become a family.
First of all, let’s assume that those who are of the same family relationship do not marry. Next let’s assume that every thirty years people will procreate a generation.
Now, let’s think about the number of a person’s ancestor. The number of a person’s father’s generation, including father and mother, is two. The number of a person’s grandfather’s generation, include grandfather grandmother maternal grandfather and maternal grandmother, is four. Three generations before, the number of a person’s ancestors is eight. And so on, 20 generations before, a person has 1048576 ancestors.
So, 600 years later, an earthman has 1048576 ancestors who living in the early 21st century. And today, the earth’s population is estimated to be 6.8 billion.
Now, let’s consider whether any of two little guy’s ancestors who living in the modern age may the same one or not.
This is an easy combination question. We choose elements twice from the set “world population” (6.8 billion). The first time 1,048,576 elements are chosen, and 6,800,000,000-1,048,576 elements are left. The second time 1,048,576 elements are chosen too. Then, calculate the probability of “if the elements chosen by the first time are totally different than the elements chosen by the second time”.
The calculation process is: The first choice:
The second choice:
Then calculate the probability. The numerator is the first choice’s result multiplies the second choice’s result, that is:
The denominator is:
The probability is:
The probability is very low, almost none. That means, if we choose any two guys from the people who living in the 27th century, the set of these two guy’s ancestors who living in the 21st century cannot be completely different.
It is an amazing conclusion! 600 years later, every people in the world may have a little blood relationship to each other. Under this situation, how could ethnic conflict happen?
So, I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the dream of harmoniousness.
I have a dream that one day this world will rise up and live out the true meaning of one creed: "that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day the offspring of every race will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the Middle East will be transformed into an oasis of peace and harmoniousness.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of Science shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope, it depends on probability theory. And if earth is to be a great planet this must become true.
So let harmoniousness ring from Mount Everest. Let harmoniousness ring from Aconcagua. Let harmoniousness ring from Mount McKinley. Let harmoniousness ring from Kilimanjaro. Let harmoniousness ring from Mount Elbrus. But not only that; Let harmoniousness ring from the Nile. Let harmoniousness ring from the Amazon River. Let harmoniousness ring from Chang Jiang. Let harmoniousness ring from the Mississippi River. Let harmoniousness ring from the Volga River. From everywhere, let harmoniousness ring.
When we let harmoniousness ring, when we let it ring from every lake and every desert, from every continent and every country, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Earth's children, black and white and yellow, with different race, culture or religion, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the song, "You and Me, from one world, we are family."
玦元年伏月十九日累死累活 |
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